What Is a Freedom-to-Operate Search, and What Are the Risks of Skipping One?

A freedom-to-operate, or FTO, patent search is a focused investigation into all active, unexpired patents in the countries where you plan to manufacture and sell (e.g., the U.S. for U.S. sales) that could potentially be infringed by your new product or process. An FTO search is not the same as a patentability search. A patentability search asks: Can I get a patent on my idea? An FTO search asks: Does someone else already have a patent that I will infringe?

The cost of an FTO search, which can range from $10,000 to $50,000 or more, is a necessary investment. Why so expensive? The search alone takes a significant amount of time and must be done with precision, then the analysis and opinion take even more time. The entire filing history of any patents of concern must be looked at to determine whether infringement would exist, and the claims must be read and evaluated with an eagle eye.

Yes, the price can be steep, but compare that cost to the potential financial fallout of not having an FTO search done.

The immediate scare is a lawsuit. Being sued for infringement means injunctions (stopping sales), product recalls, legal fees, and damages. An FTO search can’t guarantee you won’t be sued, but it can reduce the likelihood of being sued, and it can reduce the penalties if you are sued and lose.

The triple threat is if you lose the lawsuit. If the infringement is deemed willful (meaning you knew the patent existed and proceeded anyway), damages can be tripled by the court. An FTO search, followed by a formal, written Opinion of Counsel from an experienced patent attorney, is the single strongest piece of evidence you can use to show a court that you did not willfully infringe. It demonstrates you acted responsibly and in good faith.

Intellectual property is one of the most terrifyingly useful tools you have. If you’re a creator or other entrepreneur ready to build a frighteningly powerful brand and business, you need to know how to use it. You don’t have to face the darkness alone, though.

I help entrepreneurs across the U.S. make smart, legally sound decisions about their intellectual property. I’m an attorney in Champaign-Urbana, Illinois, but I serve intellectual property clients nationwide.

If you’d like to consult with me, please book a consultation online at kingpatentlaw.com or by calling my office at 312-596-2222 or 217-714-8558.

Please check out the other posts and pages on my website for more information on intellectual property and business law issues. I’m also on most major podcast platforms as “Know Your Rights: Your Intellectual Property and Business Law Playbook” (video on YouTube, Spotify, and Substack only) and on most social media as @kingpatentlaw.

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Julie King

Julie is a licensed patent attorney and the founding attorney at King Patent Law, PLLC, with over 25 years of legal experience. Her practice focuses on intellectual property, business, and estate planning, and she's passionate about helping clients use IP tools to protect and grow their businesses. When she's not helping clients, you can find her at a live rock show, watching a horror movie, or playing the guitar (badly).
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This content is for informational and educational purposes only. It is not legal advice and does not create an attorney-client relationship. For advice about your specific situation, consult with a licensed attorney.

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